path: root/snake.c

//$(which make) "${0%.c}" && ./"${0%.c}" && exit

#include <assert.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <termios.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdint.h>

#define SPEED_INIT_MS 250 
#define SPEED_DECREASE_WITH_SCORE_MS 2 
#define SPEED_MIN_MS 50 

#define BOARD_WIDTH 30 
#define BOARD_HEIGHT 10 

#define DISPLAY_PADDING_X 1 
#define DISPLAY_PADDING_Y 2

#define DISPLAY_WIDTH (BOARD_WIDTH + DISPLAY_PADDING_X * 2)
#define DISPLAY_HEIGHT (BOARD_HEIGHT + DISPLAY_PADDING_Y * 2)

#define SCORE_MAX (BOARD_WIDTH * BOARD_HEIGHT)

#define TAIL_SIZE_INIT 2 
#define TAIL_SIZE_MAX (SCORE_MAX + TAIL_SIZE_INIT)

#define FRUIT_COUNT 2 

#define RANDOM_POS_TRIES_MAX 1000

int32_t max(int32_t a, int32_t b) {
    if (a > b) return a;
    return b;
}

int32_t random_in_range(int32_t from, int32_t to) {
    return (rand() % (to - from)) + from;
}

void configure_terminal(bool snake_mode) {
    static struct termios old_terminal_state; struct termios terminal_state;
    static int32_t old_stdin_fd_state; int32_t stdin_fd_state;

    if (snake_mode) {
        tcgetattr(STDIN_FILENO, &old_terminal_state);

        terminal_state = old_terminal_state;
        terminal_state.c_lflag &= ~(ICANON | ECHO);

        old_stdin_fd_state = fcntl(STDIN_FILENO, F_GETFL);
        stdin_fd_state = old_stdin_fd_state | O_NONBLOCK;
    } else {
        terminal_state = old_terminal_state;
        stdin_fd_state = old_stdin_fd_state;
    }

    tcsetattr(STDIN_FILENO, TCSANOW, &terminal_state);
    fcntl(STDIN_FILENO, F_SETFL, stdin_fd_state);
}

void clear_terminal(void) {
    printf("\033[2J\033[H");
}

struct Position {
    int32_t x, y;
};

struct Position position_new(int32_t x, int32_t y) {
    return (struct Position){ x, y };
}

#define POS(x, y) position_new(x, y)

struct Position position_random(void) {
    return POS(
        random_in_range(0, BOARD_WIDTH),
        random_in_range(0, BOARD_HEIGHT)
    );
}

bool position_equals(struct Position a, struct Position b) {
    return a.x == b.x && a.y == b.y;
}

bool position_in_bounds(struct Position pos) {
    return pos.x >= 0 && pos.y >= 0
        && pos.x < BOARD_WIDTH && pos.y < BOARD_HEIGHT;
}

struct Display_Position {
    uint32_t x, y;
};

#define D_POS(x, y) ((struct Display_Position){ x, y })
#define D_POS_ZERO ((struct Display_Position){0})

struct Display_Position game_position_to_display_position(struct Position pos) {
    return D_POS(pos.x + DISPLAY_PADDING_X, pos.y + DISPLAY_PADDING_Y);    
}

struct Display {
    uint8_t buffer[DISPLAY_HEIGHT][DISPLAY_WIDTH];
};

struct Display display_new(void) {
    struct Display display = {0};
    memset(&display.buffer, ' ', sizeof(display.buffer));
    return display;
}

uint8_t *display_at(struct Display* display, struct Display_Position pos) {
    assert(pos.x < DISPLAY_WIDTH && pos.y < DISPLAY_HEIGHT);
    return &display->buffer[pos.y][pos.x];
}

void display_fill(
    struct Display* display,
    struct Display_Position from,
    struct Display_Position to,
    uint8_t with
) {
    for (uint32_t x = from.x; x < to.x; x++)
        for (uint32_t y = from.y; y < to.y; y++)
            *display_at(display, D_POS(x, y)) = with;
}

void display_frame(
    struct Display* display,
    struct Display_Position from,
    struct Display_Position to
) {
    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < 2; i++)
        for (uint32_t x = from.x + 1; x < to.x - 1; x++)
            *display_at(display, D_POS(x, from.y + i * (to.y - 1))) = '-';

    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < 2; i++)
        for (uint32_t y = from.y + 1; y < to.y; y++)
            *display_at(display, D_POS(from.x + i * (to.x - 1), y)) = '|';

    for (uint32_t x = 0; x < 2; x++)
        for (uint32_t y = 0; y < 2; y++)
            *display_at(display, D_POS(from.x + x * (to.x - 1), from.y + y * (to.y - 1))) = '+';
}

void display_write(
    struct Display *display,
    struct Display_Position at,
    char *text
) {
    for (uint32_t i = 0; text[i]; i++) *display_at(display, D_POS(at.x + i, at.y)) = text[i];
}

void display_display(struct Display* display) {
    clear_terminal();
    for (uint32_t y = 0; y < BOARD_HEIGHT + DISPLAY_PADDING_Y * 2; y++)
        printf("%.*s\n", DISPLAY_WIDTH, display->buffer[y]);
}

enum Direction {
    DIRECTION_NONE,

    DIRECTION_RIGHT,
    DIRECTION_DOWN,
    DIRECTION_LEFT,
    DIRECTION_UP,
};

enum Direction direction_opposite(enum Direction direction) {
    switch (direction) {
        case DIRECTION_RIGHT: return DIRECTION_LEFT;
        case DIRECTION_DOWN: return DIRECTION_UP;
        case DIRECTION_LEFT: return DIRECTION_RIGHT;
        case DIRECTION_UP: return DIRECTION_DOWN;
        default: return DIRECTION_NONE;
    }
}

struct Input {
    enum Direction direction;
    bool quit;
};

struct Input input(void) {
    uint8_t c = 0;
    scanf("%c", &c);

    struct Input i = {0};
    switch (c) {
        case 'w': i.direction = DIRECTION_UP; break;
        case 'a': i.direction = DIRECTION_LEFT; break;
        case 's': i.direction = DIRECTION_DOWN; break;
        case 'd': i.direction = DIRECTION_RIGHT; break;

        case 'q': i.quit = true; break;
    }
    
    return i;
}

struct Snake {
    struct Position pos;

    struct Position tail[TAIL_SIZE_MAX];
    uint32_t tail_size;
};

struct Game {
    uint32_t score;

    struct Snake snake;
    enum Direction last_direction;

    struct Position fruits[FRUIT_COUNT];
};

struct Game game_new(void) {
    struct Position snake_pos = POS(BOARD_WIDTH / 2, BOARD_HEIGHT / 2);
    struct Game game = {
        .score = 0,
        .snake = { .pos = snake_pos, .tail_size = TAIL_SIZE_INIT },
        .last_direction = DIRECTION_RIGHT 
    };

    for (uint8_t t = 0; t < TAIL_SIZE_INIT; t++)
        game.snake.tail[t] = POS(snake_pos.x - t, snake_pos.y);

    for (uint8_t i = 0; i < FRUIT_COUNT; i++)
        game.fruits[i] = position_random();

    return game;
}

struct Position game_random_free_position(struct Game *game) {
    struct Position pos; uint32_t try = 0;
    
    retry_random:
    if (try++ > RANDOM_POS_TRIES_MAX) return POS(-1, -1);

    pos = position_random();
    if (position_equals(game->snake.pos, pos)) goto retry_random;
    
    for (uint32_t t = 0; t < game->snake.tail_size; t++)
        if (position_equals(game->snake.tail[t], pos))
            goto retry_random;
    
    for (uint32_t f = 0; f < FRUIT_COUNT; f++)
        if (position_equals(game->fruits[f], pos))
            goto retry_random;
    
    return pos;
}

bool game_step(struct Game *game, enum Direction direction) {
    if (game->score == SCORE_MAX) return false;

    struct Snake *snake = &game->snake;

    enum Direction move_direction = game->last_direction;
    if (direction != DIRECTION_NONE && direction != direction_opposite(game->last_direction)) { 
        move_direction = direction;
        game->last_direction = direction;
    }

    int8_t move_x = 0, move_y = 0;
    switch (move_direction) {
        case DIRECTION_RIGHT: move_x = 1; break;
        case DIRECTION_DOWN: move_y = 1; break;
        case DIRECTION_LEFT: move_x = -1; break;
        case DIRECTION_UP: move_y = -1; break;
        default: break;
    }

    struct Position new_position = POS(
        snake->pos.x + move_x,
        snake->pos.y + move_y
    );

    if (!position_in_bounds(new_position)) return false;
    struct Position previous_position = snake->pos;
    snake->pos = new_position;

    int32_t eaten_fruit = -1;
    for (uint32_t f = 0; f < FRUIT_COUNT; f++) {
        if (position_equals(snake->pos, game->fruits[f])) {
            eaten_fruit = f;
            game->score++;
            break;
        }
    }

    for (uint32_t t = snake->tail_size; t > 0; t--) snake->tail[t] = snake->tail[t - 1];
    snake->tail[0] = previous_position;
    if (eaten_fruit >= 0) {
        snake->tail_size++;
        game->fruits[eaten_fruit] = game_random_free_position(game);
    } else {
        snake->tail[snake->tail_size] = (struct Position){0};
    }

    for (uint32_t t = 0; t < snake->tail_size; t++)
        if (position_equals(snake->pos, snake->tail[t]))
            return false;

    return true;
}

void game_draw(struct Game *game, struct Display* display) {
    display_fill(
        display, 
        D_POS(DISPLAY_PADDING_X, DISPLAY_PADDING_Y),
        D_POS(DISPLAY_WIDTH - DISPLAY_PADDING_X, DISPLAY_HEIGHT - DISPLAY_PADDING_Y),
        '.'
    );

    display_frame(
        display, 
        D_POS(0, 1),
        D_POS(DISPLAY_WIDTH, DISPLAY_HEIGHT - 2)
    );
    
    for (uint32_t f = 0; f < FRUIT_COUNT; f++) {
        struct Display_Position fruit_pos = game_position_to_display_position(game->fruits[f]);
        *display_at(display, fruit_pos) = 'F';
    }
    
    for (uint32_t t = 0; t < game->snake.tail_size; t++) {
        struct Display_Position tail_pos = game_position_to_display_position(game->snake.tail[t]);
        *display_at(display, tail_pos) = 'T';
    }
   
    struct Display_Position snake_pos = game_position_to_display_position(game->snake.pos);
    *display_at(display, snake_pos) = 'S';

    display_write(display, D_POS_ZERO, "snake!");
    
    char score_message[] = "score: 000";
    uint32_t score_message_size = sizeof(score_message) / sizeof(char) - 1;
    score_message[score_message_size - 1] = (game->score % 10) + '0';
    score_message[score_message_size - 2] = (game->score / 10) + '0';
    score_message[score_message_size - 3] = (game->score / 100) + '0';
    display_write(display, D_POS(DISPLAY_WIDTH - score_message_size, 0), score_message);

    display_write(display, D_POS(0, DISPLAY_HEIGHT - 1), "controls: (w a s d) q");
}

uint32_t game_current_sleep_duration_ms(struct Game *game) {
    return max(SPEED_INIT_MS - (SPEED_DECREASE_WITH_SCORE_MS * (int64_t)game->score), SPEED_MIN_MS);
}

int main() {
    srand(333);
    configure_terminal(true);
    
    struct Game game = game_new();
    struct Display display = display_new();

    while (true) {
        struct Input player_input = input();
        if (player_input.quit) break;

        if(!game_step(&game, player_input.direction)) {
            printf("game over! score: %d\n", game.score);
            break;
        }

        game_draw(&game, &display);
        display_display(&display);

        usleep(game_current_sleep_duration_ms(&game) * 1000);
    }

    configure_terminal(false);
    return 0;
}